Cannabis flowering phase: everything about recognition, care and harvesting
Inhaltsverzeichnis: Cannabis flowering phase: everything about recognition, care and harvesting
The flowering phase is one of the most exciting and important phases in the life cycle of the cannabis plant. It begins when the plant transitions from the vegetative phase to flowering, triggered by a change in the light cycle to 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness. During this time, the plant concentrates on producing flowers rich in cannabinoids and terpenes. The quality and quantity of the flowers depend heavily on the care and conditions during this phase. Factors such as light, temperature, humidity and nutrient supply play a decisive role in the success of the flowering phase. In the following sections, we will go into detail about the different phases and important aspects of flowering.
Cannabis plant flowering
Pre-flowering (week 1-2)
The pre-flowering phase marks the start of the flowering period and lasts around one to two weeks. During this phase, the cannabis plant begins to develop its sexual characteristics, which is crucial for the subsequent harvest.
Identification of male and female plants
Identifying the sex of the plants is particularly important in the pre-flowering phase. Female plants produce the coveted flowers, while male plants develop pollen sacs that can lead to pollination. Pollination of female plants leads to seed formation and reduces the quality of the flowers.
Female plants:
- Female plants form small, white hairs (pistils) at the nodes of the branches. These hairs are the precursors of the later flowers and indicate that the plant is female.
Male plants:
- Male plants develop round pollen sacs that appear in clusters. These sacs contain the pollen that can pollinate the female plants. As soon as the male characteristics are recognizable, these plants should be removed to prevent pollination.
First signs of flowering
The first signs of the flowering phase are visible when the plants begin to show their sexual characteristics. This usually happens within the first two weeks after the switch to the 12/12 light cycle.
Characteristics of pre-flowering:
- The plant slows down its vegetative growth and concentrates its energy on flower production.
- The first flower buds appear at the nodes of the branches where the leaves meet the main stem.
- The female plants develop tiny, hair-like structures (pistils), which eventually develop into fully mature flowers.
During this phase, it is important to keep a close eye on the plants and carry out regular checks to determine the sex of the plants and remove the male plants in good time. This ensures an unpollinated and high-quality harvest.
The pre-flowering phase lays the foundation for the subsequent weeks of flowering and is crucial for the health and yield of the plant.
Flowering development (week 3-4)
During flowering development, the cannabis plant concentrates on further developing its buds. This phase is decisive for the quality and quantity of the harvest, as the basis for the later flowers is formed here.
Growth of the buds
In the third and fourth week of the flowering phase, the cannabis plant focuses on the formation and growth of the buds. During this time, growth in height is slowed down and the plant invests its energy in flower production.
Characteristics of flower growth:
- Flower formation: The flowers begin to form at the nodes and grow into dense, resinous buds.
- Trichome development: Small, sticky resin glands, so-called trichomes, appear on the flowers and surrounding leaves. These trichomes contain the valuable cannabinoids and terpenes.
- Appearance: The plant shows increased growth of the calyxes, which form larger inflorescences.
Tips for promoting flower growth:
- Light intensity: make sure the plants receive sufficient light. High-quality LED or HPS lamps can help to maximize flower development.
- Air circulation: Ensure good ventilation to prevent mold growth and strengthen the plants.
Nutrient supply during flowering
An optimal nutrient supply is crucial during flower development to keep plants healthy and ensure maximum flower growth. Nutrient requirements change during this phase and it is important to provide plants with the right nutrients.
Important nutrients for flowering:
- Phosphorus (P): Phosphorus is essential for flower formation and root development. It supports the transfer of energy within the plant and promotes the growth of inflorescences.
- Potassium (K): Potassium plays an important role in photosynthesis and the plant's water balance. It helps to strengthen the flower structure and improve the quality of the harvest.
- Micronutrients: In addition to phosphorus and potassium, plants also need micronutrients such as magnesium, sulphur and calcium to support metabolic processes.
Fertilizers and their application:
- Flower fertilizers: use special flower fertilizers that are rich in phosphorus and potassium to support flower development. These fertilizers are often available in liquid or powdered form and should be applied according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- Dosage: Be careful not to over-fertilize the plants. Start with a lower dosage and gradually increase it if the plants respond well.
Watering:
- Regular watering: The plants need consistent watering at this stage. Make sure that the soil is evenly moist but not soaked.
- pH value: The pH value of the water should be in the range of 6.0 to 6.5 to optimize nutrient uptake.
By taking into account the specific needs of the plants during flowering development and creating the right conditions, you can maximize flower growth and achieve a high-quality harvest.
Flowering development (week 3-4)
During flowering development, the cannabis plant concentrates on further expanding its buds. This phase is crucial for the quality and quantity of the harvest, as the basis for the later flowers is formed here.
Growth of the buds
In the third and fourth week of the flowering phase, the cannabis plant focuses on the formation and growth of the buds. During this time, growth in height is slowed down and the plant invests its energy in flower production.
Characteristics of flower growth:
- Flower formation: The flowers begin to form at the nodes and grow into dense, resinous buds.
- Trichome development: Small, sticky resin glands, so-called trichomes, appear on the flowers and surrounding leaves. These trichomes contain the valuable cannabinoids and terpenes.
- Appearance: The plant shows increased growth of the calyxes, which form larger inflorescences.
Tips for promoting flower growth:
- Light intensity: make sure the plants receive sufficient light. High-quality LED or HPS lamps can help to maximize flower development.
- Air circulation: Ensure good ventilation to prevent mold growth and strengthen the plants.
Nutrient supply during flowering
An optimal nutrient supply is crucial during flower development to keep plants healthy and ensure maximum flower growth. Nutrient requirements change during this phase and it is important to provide plants with the right nutrients.
Important nutrients for flowering:
- Phosphorus (P): Phosphorus is essential for flower formation and root development. It supports the transfer of energy within the plant and promotes the growth of inflorescences.
- Potassium (K): Potassium plays an important role in photosynthesis and the plant's water balance. It helps to strengthen the flower structure and improve the quality of the harvest.
- Micronutrients: In addition to phosphorus and potassium, plants also need micronutrients such as magnesium, sulphur and calcium to support metabolic processes.
Fertilizers and their application:
- Flower fertilizers: use special flower fertilizers that are rich in phosphorus and potassium to support flower development. These fertilizers are often available in liquid or powdered form and should be applied according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- Dosage: Be careful not to over-fertilize the plants. Start with a lower dosage and gradually increase it if the plants respond well.
Watering:
- Regular watering: The plants need consistent watering at this stage. Make sure that the soil is evenly moist but not soaked.
- pH value: The pH value of the water should be in the range of 6.0 to 6.5 to optimize nutrient uptake.
By taking into account the specific needs of the plants during flower development and creating the right conditions, you can maximize flower growth and achieve a high-quality harvest.
Harvest preparation (week 8-10)
In the final weeks of the flowering phase, from week 8 to 10, the cannabis plants prepare for harvest. This is a critical time for the plants to fully mature their flowers and maximize the quality of the harvest.
Color change of the trichomes
The trichomes, small resinous glands on the flowers and surrounding leaves, are an important indicator of the plants' maturity. Their color changes as the flowers mature, and this color change can be used as a sign of when the plants are ready for harvest.
Phases of trichome change:
- Clear: In the beginning, the trichomes are clear and translucent. At this stage, the cannabinoids are not yet fully mature.
- Milky: When the trichomes become milky or cloudy, this is a sign that the cannabinoids are reaching their peak. The flowers are now more potent and contain a higher concentration of THC.
- Amber colored: Amber-colored trichomes indicate that the cannabinoids are beginning to break down, resulting in a more sedative effect. Many growers prefer a mix of milky and amber-colored trichomes for a balanced effect.
How to check the trichomes:
- Magnifying glass or microscope: use a magnifying glass or portable microscope to look closely at the trichomes. Look for the color changes to determine the optimal time to harvest.
Rinsing the plants before harvesting
Flushing the plants is an important step in preparing for harvest. This process helps to remove excess nutrients from the plant substrate and improves the flavor and quality of the flowers.
Flushing procedure:
- Timing: start flushing the plants about two weeks before the planned harvest. This gives the plants enough time to use up the remaining nutrients.
- Water: Use pure, pH-corrected water without additional nutrients. The pH value should be in the range of 6.0 to 6.5 to optimize nutrient uptake.
- Quantity: Water the plants generously so that the water flows through the substrate and flushes out excess nutrients. Repeat this process several times during the flushing period.
Benefits of flushing:
- Improved flavor: By removing excess nutrients, the flowers become less bitter and scratchy in flavor after harvest.
- Better combustion: Well-purged buds burn more evenly and cleanly, resulting in a more enjoyable smoking experience.
Monitoring the plants
During harvest preparation, it is important to monitor the plants regularly and ensure that they remain in optimal condition.
Checkpoints:
- Mold and pests: watch for signs of mold or pest infestation and take appropriate action if needed.
- Humidity and temperature: Keep humidity levels low to minimize the risk of mould growth and maintain a constant temperature in the growing room.
Careful monitoring and care during the final weeks of the flowering phase will ensure that your cannabis plants reach their maximum potency and quality. Proper harvest preparation is the key to a successful and satisfying harvest.
Cannabis flowering phase light
Importance of the 12/12 light cycle
The 12/12 light cycle is a key factor in initiating and maintaining the flowering phase in cannabis plants. In nature, the plant recognizes the shorter times of day in autumn as a signal to flower. This is simulated in indoor cultivation by switching to a 12 hour light and 12 hour dark cycle.
Why 12/12?
- Flowering induction: The change from longer light periods (18 hours or more) to the 12/12 cycle signals to the plant that the time for flowering has arrived.
- Hormone release: The dark cycle promotes the production of phytohormones such as florigen, which stimulate flower formation.
Initiation of the flowering phase
The initiation of the flowering phase is achieved by adjusting the light cycle and is a crucial step in the cultivation process.
Steps to induce flowering:
- Light changeover: change the lighting from a vegetative cycle (18/6 or 24/0) to the flowering cycle (12/12). This means 12 hours of uninterrupted light and 12 hours of complete darkness.
- Timing: This switch should be made abruptly to give the plant clear signals.
Observations after the changeover:
- Growth spurt: in the first two weeks after the switch, plants may experience a growth spurt, known as "stretching".
- Flowering: The first signs of flowering usually appear within 1-2 weeks of conversion.
Maintaining the light cycle
A stable 12/12 light cycle is essential to successfully complete the flowering phase. Any interruption to the dark cycle can disrupt the flowering process and lead to problems such as hermaphroditism (development of male and female flowers on the same plant).
Tips for maintaining the cycle:
- Light tightness: make sure the grow room is completely light tight. Even small light leaks during the dark phase can stress the plants and disrupt the flowering process.
- Timers: Use reliable timers to precisely control the 12/12 cycle. This ensures that the plants consistently receive the required light and dark period.
- Emergency lighting: Avoid any form of lighting in the grow room during the dark phase, including green lights, which are less harmful but can still cause disturbance.
Monitoring and adjustment:
- Regular checks: Check regularly that the lighting is working correctly and that the room remains light-tight.
- Adjustment in case of problems: If you notice that the plants are showing signs of stress or the flowering process is being delayed, check the light cycle and rectify any problems immediately.
By properly initiating and consistently maintaining the 12/12 light cycle, you can ensure that your cannabis plants flower healthy and strong, ultimately resulting in a high-quality harvest.
Recognizing cannabis flowering stage
The ability to recognize the flowering stage in cannabis plants is crucial to a successful grow. The first signs of the flowering phase are shown by characteristic changes in the plants. Here are the important features to look out for:
First signs of the flowering phase
The flowering phase typically begins within one to two weeks after switching to the 12/12 light cycle. Plants will show changes that signal they are transitioning into flowering.
Characteristics of early flowering:
- Changed growth: plants slow down their vegetative growth and begin to invest their energy into flowering.
- Sexual characteristics: Plants develop specific characteristics that indicate gender, which is important for further care and weeding out unwanted plants.
Pistils on female plants
Female cannabis plants are the ones that produce the coveted flowers. Female plants are identified by the appearance of pistils.
Recognition features:
- White hairs (pestles): Female plants develop small, white hairs at the nodes where the branches meet the main stem. These hairs are the precursors of the flowers and are known as pestles.
- Flower buds: These hairs grow from tiny, drop-shaped pre-flowers. In the course of the flowering phase, these pre-flowers develop into fully mature flowers.
Meaning of the pistils:
- Flower formation: Pistils are a sure sign that the plant is female and will develop flowers.
- Pollination avoidance: Identifying and maintaining female plants is critical to ensure an unpollinated crop. Pollinated female plants produce seeds, which reduces the quality and potency of the flowers.
Pollen sacs on male plants
Male cannabis plants do not produce usable flowers, but pollen sacs that release pollen for pollination. It is important to identify and remove male plants early to prevent pollination of female plants.
Identification features:
- Round pollen sacs: male plants develop round, spherical pollen sacs at the nodes. These pollen sacs appear in clusters and increase in size over time.
- Lack of pistils: Unlike female plants, male plants do not develop white hairs.
Significance of the pollen sacs:
- Pollination: the pollen sacs eventually open and release pollen that can pollinate female plants. This leads to seed production in the female flowers.
- Removal: Once male plants are identified, they should be removed immediately to prevent pollination of the female plants. This ensures that the female plants can focus their energy on producing high quality, unpollinated flowers.
How to remove male plants:
- Careful removal: remove the male plants carefully so as not to damage the female plants. It is best to remove male plants as early as possible to avoid unwanted pollination.
By recognizing and distinguishing the sex characteristics of cannabis plants early on, growers can maximize the quality of their harvest. Observing the first signs of the flowering stage and removing male plants in time are crucial steps in this process.
Cannabis flowering stage male vs female
Distinguishing between male and female cannabis plants is crucial to successful cultivation. Male plants produce pollen, while female plants develop the coveted flowers. Recognizing and removing male plants in time is important to ensure a high-quality harvest.
Differences between male and female plants
Male plants:
- Pollen sacs: Male plants develop round, spherical pollen sacs at the nodes where the branches meet the main stem. These sacs contain the pollen that is released to pollinate the female plants.
- Growth pattern: Male plants tend to grow taller and thinner than female plants. They have longer internodes (distances between nodes) and less bushy foliage.
- Flower formation: Male plants do not form flowers, but focus their energy on producing pollen.
Female plants:
- Pistils: Female plants develop small, white hairs called pistils at the nodes. These hairs are the precursors of the flowers and serve to absorb pollen if pollination takes place.
- Inflorescences: Female plants form dense inflorescences (buds) that are rich in cannabinoids and terpenes.
- Growth pattern: Female plants grow bushier and more compact than male plants, with shorter internodes and more foliage.
Identification and removal of male plants
Recognizing the sexes:
- Early stages: early in the flowering stage, typically in weeks 1-2 after the switch to the 12/12 light cycle, plants will show their sexual characteristics. Observe the nodes carefully for signs of pollen sacs or pistils.
- Accuracy: Accurate identification often requires a magnifying glass or microscope to see the fine details of sexual characteristics.
Steps to identification:
- Check the nodes: Examine the points where the branches meet the main stem to identify pollen sacs (male) or pestles (female).
- Note the growth pattern: male plants tend to grow taller and have longer internodes, while female plants grow more compact and bushy.
Removal of male plants:
- Early removal: once a plant has been identified as male, it should be removed immediately to prevent pollination of female plants. Pollinated female plants produce seeds, which reduces the quality and potency of the flowers.
- Gentle removal: Carefully pull the male plants out of the grow room to avoid releasing any pollen that may have already developed. It is advisable to put the plants in plastic bags before removing them to minimize the spread of pollen.
Removal procedure:
- Mark the male plants: clearly mark the male plants to avoid confusion.
- Isolate the plants: Carefully remove the male plants and place them in a separate room or outdoors, away from the female plants.
- Disposal: Destroy the male plants by composting or safely disposing of them to prevent unwanted pollination.
Follow-up:
- Regular inspection: check the remaining plants regularly for signs of hermaphroditism (development of both male and female traits on the same plant), especially if the plants have been exposed to stress.
- Ensure femininity: Ensure that only female plants remain in the grow room to ensure a high quality and unpollinated crop.
By carefully identifying and removing male plants, you can maximize the quality and potency of your crop. Female plants that flower undisturbed will produce the best and most abundant flowers, ultimately leading to a successful crop.
Conclusion
Distinguishing between male and female cannabis plants is crucial to successful cultivation. Male plants produce pollen that leads to pollination of female plants, which can affect the quality of the harvest. Female plants, on the other hand, produce the coveted flowers, which are rich in cannabinoids and terpenes.
Early detection and removal of male plants is therefore essential. The pollen sacs of male plants and the pistils of female plants are the most important features to look out for. Through careful observation and accurate identification, male plants can be removed in time to prevent pollination.
Consistent monitoring of plants during the flowering stage and following best practices for removing male plants will contribute significantly to the quality and potency of the crop. Maintaining a crop of all-female plants is the only way to ensure that the flowers are unpollinated and of the highest quality. This ultimately leads to a successful and productive harvest that reflects the effort and care of the grower.
